Further Reading

Harry Pace and Others Associated with Black Swan

Handy, W. C. Father of the Blues: An Autobiography. New York: Macmillan, 1941.

"Harry H. Pace," in African-American Business Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary, ed. John N. Ingham and Lynne B. Feldman, 501-17. Westport: Greenwood, 1994.

Lewis, David Levering. W. E. B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century, 1919-1963. New York: Holt, 2000.

Waters, Ethel, with Charles Samuels. His Eye Is on the Sparrow. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1951.

African American Business Development

Henderson, Alexa Benson. Atlanta Life Insurance Company: Guardian of Black Economic Dignity. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1990.

Walker, Juliet E. K. The History of Black Business in America: Capitalism, Race, Entrepreneurship. New York: Macmillan, 1998.

Weare, Walter B. Black Business in the New South: A Social History of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973.

Weems, Jr., Robert E. "Out of the Shadows: Business Enterprise and African American Historiography." Business and Economic History, 26 (1997), 200-212.

Music and the Music Business

Charters, Samuel B., and Leonard Kunstadt. Jazz: A History of the New York Scene. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1962.

Crawford, Richard. America's Musical Life: A History. New York: Norton, 2001

Foreman, Ronald C., Jr. "Jazz and Race Records, 1920-1932: Their Origins and Their Significance for the Record Industry and Society." Ph.D. diss., University of Illinois, Urbana, 1968.

Southern, Eileen. Music of Black Americans: A History. New York: Norton, 1997.

Suisman, David. "The Sound of Money: Music, Machines, and Markets, 1890-1925." Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 2002.

Vincent, Ted. Keep Cool: The Black Activists Who Built the Jazz Age. East Haven, Conn.: Pluto, 1995.

African American Society and Politics

Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. New York: Quill, 1967.

Gaines, Kevin K. Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

Johnson, James Weldon. Black Manhattan. New York: Knopf, 1930.

Lewis, David Levering. When Harlem Was in Vogue. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.

Osofsky, Gilbert. Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto. New York: Harper and Row, 1963.