Terrorism and the American Experience

Day 1: What Is Terrorism?

Exercise 2
Alex Schmid, Political Terrorism (New Brunswick, 1984), 76–77

ElementFirst GroupRankingSecond GroupRanking
Use of violent force83.5%197%1
Motivated by political goals65%265%2
Intended to inspire fear or terror51%336%3
Threat47%428%7
Desire to sway opinions and evoke a psychological effect41.5%534%4
Identifying intended targets or victims of act37.5%629.5%6
Act is organized, purposeful, and planned32%732.5%5
A method or strategy of combat30.5%824%9
Willingness to kill without concern for loss of life30%926%8
Use of coercion or extortion for intended outcome28%1019%10
Use of publicity or propaganda21.5%113.5%17
Impersonal and indiscriminate use of violence21%1212%13
Targeting of civilians and innocent victims17.5%1312%13a
Meant to intimidate17%1412%13b
Publicity emphasizing the innocence of victims15.5%1515.5%12
Perpetrated by a group, organization, or movement14%1618.5%11
Symbolic meaning of action13.5%173.5%17a
Unpredictability or unexpectedness of attack9%187%16
Covert or secret nature of the attack plan9%18a7%16a
Willingness to repeat and continue violence over a period of time7%1910%14
Action is criminal in nature6%2012%13c
Attack and propaganda make demands on a third party4%218.5%15
Alex Schmid, Political Terrorism (New Brunswick, 1984), 76–77