I've offered this freshman seminar on Saturdays
for the last four years. For the fall of 2001, we'll try Thursdays
from 11 am to 3 pm. This isn't your typical class. For one thing,
the schedule says we meet from 11 to 12:20 in Wren 02, then in James
Blair Hall 331 from 12:21 until 3:00. Well, Wren 02 is actually
the "Wren Kitchen," the basement room under the Great
Hall, which we'll enter via a door from the outside on Richmond
Road side on the building. James Blair 331 is one of my offices!
We really don't need a classroom for more than half-an-hour on most
Thursdays because our sessions will take place, in whole or in part,
"on site" at the places mentioned on my web page. Now,
travel time can be tricky, and I hate to rush students when we are
on-site, so I plan to shoot for getting people back in time for
3:30 classes. There will be two required Saturday fieldtrips that
will start early (like 8:30 am) and finish late (like whenever we
get home). If these admitted eccentricities are deeply troubling,
I'd recommend dropping the course. Finally along these lines, there
will be an OPTIONAL SUNDAY BARBECUE at the Ruins of Rosewell Plantation
(more on this later).
I've always held discussions in this class over an extended lunch
hour (comes from my association with archaeologists over the years).
In my opinion, the food has added considerably to the fun of the
course, and I'd like to retain the feature, but we will probably
have to picnic much of the time. Well, pizza or Cheese Shop sandwiches
next to the York or James isn't exactly onerous. Typically, I'll
take orders for food by email and you can reimburse me. When we
eat at restaurants, I'll put the entire bill on a credit card and,
again, you can reimburse me. Costs beyond the food will include
computer disks, photographic supplies/services (optional), and admission
fees to some of the museums. Most of the museums (Colonial Williamsburg,
Jamestown/Yorktown Foundation, National Park Service, and the several
churches) will let us in FREE or nearly so. The Association for
the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities charges $3 for Bacon's
Castle. Berkeley and Shirley plantations along the James River in
Charles City County charge about six bucks each, and Westover asks
a three-dollar contribution to tour the grounds only. Rosewell will
set you back one dollar. Saturday trips to places like Monticello
or Mount Vernon would be pricier, but in overview this is "heap
cheap," especially in view of....
Readings:
Everything is available FREE on-line! Click on a title in the syllabus
and you'll get the text (still under construction: 8/13/01). As
you'll be creating webpages for this class, you may wish to purchase
a guide to Netscape (make SURE it covers Composer), but experience
tells me that you can get along quite well without one even if you
don't know beans about computers. You might also want a copy of
Michael Olmert's Official Visitor's Guide to Colonial Williamsburg,
but you could just as easily get along with the two Colonial Williamsburg
websites: http://www.history.org
and http://www.pastportal.com.
Check out the many computing guides at the college bookstore, which
also stocks the guide to CW.
I also recommend that you purchase a single Iomega "ZIP"
disk (holds the equivalent of 60+ 1.44 megabyte 3.5" computer
disks) and obtain the use of some sort of camera (I use cheap disposable
cameras). I will bring a digital camera along on our fieldtrips,
and you may use it. Whatever photos we take with it, I'll post that
evening to a gallery for the class. However, there is much to be
said for producing one's own art. Anything you have in the way of
photographs, we can scan in the labs--and I'll show you how.
Requirements & Grades:
Students generally want to know every little thing about the grading
system. Truth be known, it is all pretty-much a subjective process
and in the end I evaluate the totality of your work over the course
of the semester. Admittedly, many students find this ambiguity unsettling
during the semester, but few seem to think the grades unfair in
the end. Keep in mind that A grades are reserved for EXCEPTIONAL
work, and to win an A for the course means hitting on just about
all cylinders just about all of the time. The grade of Bcovers a
much wider range of perfectly acceptable, even superior, performance.
Any student who scrambles over all the course requirements and delivers
even a modest effort should have no trouble attaining a C--acceptable,
but undistinguished. To receive a final grade lower than C, a student
in this class would simply have to stop trying. As I am incapable
of higher mathematics, I have devised "the rule of quarters."
Each component of the course will determine 25% (more-or-less) of
your grade for the course:
I. Electronic Journal (25%):
For the journal in this class each student will build a web page
that contains images pertaining to, accounts of, observations from,
and reactions to our field trips, readings, and class discussions,
one entry for each week in the semester. Many of the pages from
last year's class are still available. You might want to take a
look. Just click here: Fall of 2000. Some of the very best pages
were the work of students who had absolutely no computing experience.
I encourage the use of Internet resources and the online databases
available in Swem Library. I'd also use web search engines. The
"Google"search engine--especially with its "Find
Images" twist--is a great resource. You may also use interviews
with interpreters, museum staffers, archaeologists, and other experts.
I hope you will use some "art" of your own-digitized photos,
for example-but there is plenty available on the web or in books
and magazines that you can scan. Postcards can provide some amazingly
good professional art for 25 cents a throw. NO COMPUTING EXPERTISE
IS ANTICIPATED--I'LL TEACH YOU ABSOLUTELY EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO
KNOW. YOU DON'T EVEN NEED TO OWN A COMPUTER--THE MACHINES IN THE
W&M LABS ARE JUST FINE. The only technical requirements are
that you include these elements in each week's section: text, art,
and at least one link to an Internet site that bears on the topic
for the week. As a bonus, participating in this seminar's electronic
journals project will earn you certification for the undergraduate
computing requirement in history. I'll shortly ask you about convenient
times for a few lab sessions intended to get you off and running
on the creation of these web pages. Thereafter, I'll gladly work
with you as needed one-on-one in my office to create and maintain
your website. Be as creative as you like in using the web, but be
assured that a highly developed set of web-authoring skills is NOT
necessary to success in this course. What you say is the key, and
the greatest tool you have is the English language. It is the medium
of William Shakespeare and Jane Austen, Edmund Morgan, and Laurel
Thatcher Ulrich. It is free to you for the taking. Don't abuse it.
The electronic journal must be complete by 5:00 on the last day
of classes for the semester (7 December). Length is unimportant.
Quality is everything. I will expect to see weekly evidence of (1)
a grasp of the major points in the readings, (2) critical evaluation
of the meaning of the museum or historic site in relationship to
the theses expressed in the readings, (3) understanding of the class
discussion for the week, (4) an effort to locate web sources of
factual information and images appropriate to the week's topic.
The form of the actual web page need not be elaborate, but I will
expect to see improvement over the course of the semester. Rather
than award numerical scores or even letter grades for each week's
addition, I'll offer each student a brief critique and suggestions
for improvement. This "electronic term paper" will therefore
be a work in progress without formal grades until I evaluate it
as a whole at the end of the semester.
II: Abstracts of Readings (25%):
Abstracts are time-honored tools for history scholars in which one
distills a piece of scholarship into a minimalist statement of the
author's thesis, offers insightful affirmation or criticism (sometimes
both), and comments on the significance of the piece--all in no
more than 600 words. You will be responsible for writing one such
abstract each week. I've marked either one or two readings from
each week's batch with this notation "(ABSTRACT)." If
there is only one that week, it is the only option; if I've marked
two, select one from the pair. Send the abstract to me as an attachment
to an email by 5:00 Wednesday. Any word processor will suffice.
Let me be clear about something: None of the readings are optional--whether
or not I ask you to abstract a piece, you are responsible for having
read it and understood it so that you can discuss it during class.
I'll award letter grades for abstracts on a weekly basis. These
things break down into three elements: (1) identifying the author's
thesis (2) evaluating the author's argument (3) attaching some meaning
to the essay in terms of what it says or does not say about the
seminar topic at hand. To receive an A, the student must succeed
in all three endeavors. To receive a B, the student must correctly
identify the author's thesis but might do a less adequate job in
the second or third elements. For a C, the student must again identify
the thesis, but may do a poor job on either or both of the other
elements. If you miss the boat entirely or mangle the prose to the
point I can't follow you, I'll require a rewrite based on my comments.
Anyone has the option to do a rewrite, which can raise your grade
on the abstract by one letter. A good job with these things will
set you up very nicely for class discussion. In preparing abstracts,
you might wish to seek advice from the excellent staff of the History
Writing Resources Center. These are advanced doctoral students in
American history who have special skill in coaching student writers.
Check out their website: HWRC.
III. Class time Oral Reports (25%):
Each of you will undertake two oral reports that stress the presentation
of factual information linked in some way to the week's topic. The
research should be easily accomplished from readily available material
on the net, in Swem Library, and at the Colonial Williamsburg Research
Library (where you will be welcome, by the way, and where you will
have borrowing privileges). I'll be happy to guide you to additional
places to look. My purpose is to have you become familiar with a
few of the most basic sources of factual information about early
American History and to provide in your reports some "take
off points" for class discussions. You'll get the topic assignments
one week ahead of time. I'll expect you to email me an outline of
the report by 5:00 pm on the Wednesday prior to your time at center
stage. I'll alert you if anything is amiss. These are to be SHORTreports--no
more than 5 minutes--sometimes delivered before we depart, sometimes
at lunch, sometimes in the middle of a site visit. Thinkof them
this way:You are standing near the punch bowl at a party. Two or
three people come up and demand that you explain your topic to them.
In the space of consuming one glass of punch and two crackers loaded
with Brie, what would you tell them?
I will assign grades for oral reports primarily on the basis of
my evaluation of the effort you put into the search for information,
the appropriateness of the information (in the context of the week's
topic) selected for inclusion in the oral report, and the coherence
of the report itself. I may comment privately on the style of oral
presentation, but it will not figure prominently in the grading
process.
IV. Class Participation (25%): Here
you are subject to my appallingly subjective evaluation of your
participation in all class time activities. As much of the discussion
for any week will take place over lunch, we'll often do a lot of
talking before we even see whatever it is we came to see, which
in turn privileges the readings. Indeed, the only preparations I
will expect is that you have a firm grasp of the readings. See why
the abstracts are so important? By the way, you may NOT refer to
the abstracts during discussions. There will be also ample opportunity
to talk as we poke around the places we visit and on the way home-any
place where we have an opening for an impromptu seminar session.
While I do care a great deal about attitude and attendance, I'm
also willing to work around problems (like the schedule for the
Women's Crew one year), but please talk to me early on.
Just In case you missed it, there are no exams in this class.
A Note on Guests: I'm delighted to accommodate requests for guests
(roommates, for example)--to the extent of our available transportation,
which is very limited. Do consult me ahead of time. Guests who can
provide their own transportation (such as parents) are always welcome,
even at the last minute. Naturally, guests must pay any museum admissions.
Schedule
The schedule below is tentative, but probably about right, at least
for the first six weeks. After that, when and where we go is still
up in the air, pending some decisions by people outside the class
and to some extent on your preferences.
30 August: An Introduction
Readings: none
Lunch: Lo Dog (hotdogs), maybe?
6 September: Jamestown: The Settlement Park
Readings:
James Horn, "Servant Emigration to the Chesapeake in the Seventeenth
Century," in Thad W. Tate & David L. Ammerman, eds., The
Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century: Essays on Anglo-American
Society (Chapel Hill, 1979), pp. 51-95. (ABSTRACT)
Nancy Oestreich Lurie, "Indian Cultural Adjustment to European
Civilization," in James Morton Smith, ed., Seventeenth-Century
America: Essays in Colonial History (Chapel Hill, 1959), pp. 33-60.
(ABSTRACT)
Jeffrey L. Hantman, "Between Powhatan and Quirank: Reconstructing
Monacan Culture and History in the Context of Jamestown," American
Anthropologist, 92, 3 (1990), pp. 676-690.
Lunch: Jamestown Settlement Park (Don't miss the "Powhatan
Stew"!)
13 September: Jamestown: The Island
Readings:
William Kelso & Beverly Straube, Jamestown Rediscovery VI (Jamestown,
2000), pp. 1-68.
Carville V. Earle, "Environment, Disease, and Mortality in
Early Virginia," in Thad W. Tate & David L. Ammerman, eds.,
The Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century: Essays on Anglo-American
Society (Chapel Hill, 1979), pp. 95-125. (ABSTRACT)
Karen Ordahl Kupperman, "Apathy and Death in Early Jamestown,"
The Journal of American History, Vol. 66, No. 1. (Jun., 1979), pp.
24-40. (ABSTRACT)
James P. Whittenburg, "After the Fort: Jamestown, circa. 1620-1699,"
Virtual Jamestown (forthcoming).
Lunch: James River Pies (Pizza)
20 September: The Lost World: Martin's Hundred
Readings:
Ivor Noel Hume, "New Clues to an Old Mystery," National
Geographic (June, 1979), pp. 735-767.
Ivor Noel Hume, "First Look at a Lost Settlement," National
Geographic (January, 1982), pp. 53-77.
Edmund S. Morgan, "The First American Boom: Virginia 1618 to
1630," William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd. Ser., Vol. 28, No.
2. (Apr., 1971), pp. 169-198.(ABSTRACT)
Edmund S. Morgan, "The Labor Problem at Jamestown, 1607-18,"
The American Historical Review, Vol. 76, No. 3. (Jun., 1971), pp.
595-611. (ABSTRACT)
Lunch: Tequila Rose (Mexican)
27 September: The Southside: Bacon's Castle, St. Luke's Church
Readings:
Bernard Bailyn, "Politics and Social Structure in Virginia,"
in James Morton Smith, ed., Seventeenth-Century America: Essays
in Colonial History (Chapel Hill, 1959), pp. 90-115. (ABSTRACT)
William H. Seiler, "The Anglican Parish in Virginia,"
in James Morton Smith, ed., Seventeenth-Century America: Essays
in Colonial History (Chapel Hill, 1959), pp. 119-142.
Kevin P. Kelly, " 'In dispers'd Country Plantations': Settlement
Patterns in Seventeenth-Century Surry County, Virginia," in
Thad W. Tate & David L. Ammerman, eds., The Chesapeake in the
Seventeenth Century: Essays on Anglo-American Society (Chapel Hill,
1979), pp. 183-205. (ABSTRACT)
John E. Selby, "Bacon's Rebellion," in Billings, et al,
Colonial Virginia: A History (White Plains, NY, 1986), pp. 77-96.
Lunch: Smithfield Ice Cream Parlor
4 October: River Gods I: Shirley & Berkeley Plantations
Readings:
David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America
(New York, 1989), pp. 207-246.
Darrett & Anita Ruttman, " 'Now-Wives and Sons-in-Law,'
Parental Death in a Seventeenth-Century Virginia County," in
Thad W. Tate & David L. Ammerman, eds., The Chesapeake in the
Seventeenth Century: Essays on Anglo-American Society (Chapel Hill,
1979), pp. 153-182. (ABSTRACT)
Jan Lewis, "Domestic Tranquility and the Management of Emotion
among the Gentry of Pre-Revolutionary Virginia," William and
Mary Quarterly, 3rd. Ser., Vol. 39, No. (1982), pp. 135-149. (ABSTRACT)
Lunch: The Coach House Tavern (Berkeley Plantation)
11 October: How the Majority Lived: Carter's Grove Plantation Slave Quarter
and Yorktown Victory Center Yeoman Farmstead
Readings:
Lorena Walsh, From Calabar to Carter's Grove: The History of a Virginia
Slave Community (Charlottesville, 1997), pp. 1-21 & 171-226.
Curtia James, "To Live Like a Slave: In Reenactment at the
Carter's Grove Slave Quarter, Black Interpreters gain Insights to
Their Ancestral Past", Colonial Williamsburg: The Journal of
Colonial Williamsburg, 16, 1 (1993), pp. 14-24.
Ira Berlin, "From Creole to African: Atlantic Creoles and the
Origins of African American Society in Mainland North America,"
William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd. Ser., Vol. 53, No. 2. (Apr., 1996),
pp. 251-288. (ABSTRACT)
Camille Wells, "The Planter's Prospect: Houses, Outbuildings,
and Rural Landscapes in
Eighteenth-Century Virginia," Winterthur Portfolio, 27 (1993),
pp. 1-31. (ABSTRACT)
Lunch: Cheese Shop Sandwiches by the York River at Yorktown
20 October: (First Saturday Fieldtrip) Revolution: Yorktown Battlefield, the Town of York, and the Yorktown
Victory Center
Readings:
Catherine Kerrison, "By the Book: Eliza Ambler Brent Carrington
and Conduct Literature in Late Eighteenth-Century Virginia,"
Virginia Magazine of History & Biography, 105 (Winter 1997),
pp. 27-52. (ABSTRACT)
Woody Holton, " 'Rebel Against Rebel': Enslaved Virginians
and the Coming of the Revolution," Virginia Magazine of History
& Biography, 105 (Spring 1997), pp. 157-192. (ABSTRACT)
Mark R. Wenger, "The Central Passage in Virginia: Evolution
of an Eighteenth-Century Living Space," in Camille Wells, ed.,
Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, II (1986), pp. 137-149.
Wilford Kale, "Forgotten Gloucestertown: Site of Tarleton's
Surrender, the Old Port is Archaeological Treasure Trove,"
Colonial Williamsburg: The Journal of the Colonial Williamsburg
Foundation, 11, 4 (1989), pp. 21-25.
Lunch: Cheese Shop Sandwiches by the York River at the VIMS
25 October: The Ruins of Rosewell and Fairfield Plantation
Readings:
T. H. Breen, "Horses and Gentlemen: The Cultural Significance
of Gambling among the Gentry of Virginia," William and Mary
Quarterly, 3rd. Ser., Vol. 34, No. 2. (Apr., 1977), pp. 239-257.
(ABSTRACT)
Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill,
1982), pp. i-135.
Lunch: Picnic (Cheese Shop Sandwiches) at Fairfield
28 OCTOBER: OPTIONAL SUNDAY BARBECUE AT ROSEWELL
1 November: River Gods II: Westover Plantation, Westover Chapel, Charles
City County Courthouse
Reading
Daniel Blake Smith, Inside the Great House: Planter Family Life
in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake (Ithaca, 1980), pp. 55-125.
Rhys Isaac, "Evangelical Revolt: The Nature of the Baptists'
Challenge to the Traditional Order in Virginia, 1765 to 1775,"
William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd. Ser., Vol. 31, No. 3. (Jul., 1974),
pp. 345-368. (ABSTRACT)
Lunch: Picnic at Westover (Cheese Shop Sandwiches)
3 November: Monticello, Jefferson, & Mulberry Row (Second Saturday Fieldtrip)
Readings: Camille Wells, "Virginia by Design: The Making of
Tuckahoe and the Remaking of Monticello."
8 November: Middle Plantation: The Origins of the College of William &
Mary and Williamsburg
Readings:
Jennifer Agee Jones, " 'The Very Heart and Centre of the Country':
From Middle Plantation to Williamsburg," in Robert P. Maccubbin
& Martha Hamilton-Phillips, eds., Williamsburg, Virginia, A
City before the State: An Illustrated History (Williamsburg, 2000),
pp. 15-24.
Carol Shamas, "English-Born and Creole Elites in Turn-of-the-Century
Virginia," in Thad W. Tate & David L. Ammerman, eds., The
Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century: Essays on Anglo-American
Society (Chapel Hill, 1979), pp. 274-296. (ABSTRACT)
Lunch: Picnic (Cheese Shop Sandwiches)
15 November: Williamsburg Considered as a Seat of Power
Readings:
Carl Lounsbury, "Ornaments of Civic Aspiration: The Public
Buildings of Williamsburg," in Robert P. Maccubbin & Martha
Hamilton-Phillips, eds., Williamsburg, Virginia, A City before the
State: An Illustrated History (Williamsburg, 2000), pp. 25-38.
Carl Bridenbaugh, Seat of Empire: The Political Role of Eighteenth-Century
Williamsburg (New York, 1958), pp. 1-41.
A. G. Roeber, "Authority, Law, and Custom: The Rituals of Court
Day in Tidewater, Virginia, 1720 to 1750," William and Mary
Quarterly, 3rd. Ser., Vol. 37, No. 1. (Jan., 1980), pp. 29-52. (ABSTRACT)
Lunch: Chowning's Tavern Arbor
29 November:
Williamsburg Considered as a Gated Community
Readings:
Mark R. Wenger, "Boomtown: Williamsburg in the Eighteenth Century,"
in Robert P. Maccubbin & Martha Hamilton-Phillips, eds., Williamsburg,
Virginia, A City before the State: An Illustrated History (Williamsburg,
2000), pp. 39-48. (ABSTRACT)
The Colonial Williamsburg Interpreter, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1999 Special
Edition focused on the Peyton Randolph Project, pp. 1-51.
Julie Richter, "Slavery in John Blair's Public and Personal
Lives in 1751," The Colonial
Williamsburg Interpreter, 20 (Fall, 1999), pp. 1-8.
Harold B. Gill Jr., "Portrait of an Artisan--An Eighteenth-Century
Williamsburg Craftsman Profiled, "Colonial Williamsburg: The
Journal of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 23, 2 (2001), pp.
15-20.
Lunch: DeWitt Wallace Gallery Cafeteria
6 December:
Williamsburg Considered as a Shopping Mall
Readings:
Ann Smart Martin, "The Role of Pewter as Missing Artifact:
Attitudes Towards Tablewares in Late Eighteenth-Century Virginia,"
Historical Archaeology, 23 (1989), 1-27.
Ann Smart Martin, " 'Fashionable Sugar Dishes, Latest Fashion
Ware': The Creamware Revolution in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake,"
in Paul A. Shackel & Barbara J. Little, eds., Historical Archaeology
of the Chesapeake (1994), pp. 169-187. (ABSTRACT)
Mark R. Wenger, "The Dining Room in Early Virginia," in
Thomas Carter & Bernard L. Herman, eds., Perspectives in Vernacular
Architecture, III (1989), pp. 149-159. ( ABSTRACT)
Lunch: Class Choice of Williamsburg Taverns
Saturday Fieldtrips:
I thought we'd head to Thomas Jefferson's Monticello for one fieldtrip;
to George Washington's Mount Vernon for the other. I'll try to arrange
a talk by architectural history Camille Wells at Monticello. Esther
White, an archaeologist at Mount Vernon, has offered to give us
a "behind the scenes tour" there. Both are well established
authorities, both are alums of the college, and both are good friends.
If we could manage it time-wise, it would be nice to see either
Ash Lawn (James Monroe) or Montpellier (James Madison) when we go
to Monticello. Similarly, on the Mount Vernon trip, maybe we could
check out Stratford Hall (Light Horse Harry Lee). We need to discuss
timing. I'll be out of town on a lot of Saturdays this fall. October
6, 13, & 20 look like my best shots. Look over your schedules.
Readings depend on the details. Lunch on the Monticello trip will
almost certainly be at the Michie Tavern (nearby); I'll have to
ask Esther what works best at Mount Vernon. We'd need to pick up
something for supper on the road, but we can leave that hanging.