The Urbanization of the Eastern Gray Squirrel in the United States

Etienne Benson

Primary Sources

Exercise 1: Pets or Pests?

  1. The section on “Habits” in the entry on Sciurus migratoris (Migratory Gray Squirrel/Northern Gray Squirrel) in John James Audubon and John Bachman, The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America (New York,, 1846), 265–73, available at the Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/viviparousquadru45audu
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  2. Illustration of Sciurus migratorius, Plate XXXV from Viviparous Quadrupeds: http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?trg=1&strucID=212764&imageID=400038&word=Audubon%2C%20John%20Woodhouse&s=3¬word=&d=&c=&f=4&k=4&lWord=&lField=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&total=153&num=20&imgs=20&pNum=&pos=36
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Exercise 2: Bringing the Wild into the City

  1. Map of Central Park from the Thirteenth Annual Report of the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park (1870), available at Wikimedia Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1870_Vaux_and_Olmstead_Map_of_Central_Park,_New_York_City_-_Geographicus_-_CentralPark-knapp-1870.jpg
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Exercise 3: Community and Charity

  1. Marian Longfellow, “The Pensioner in Gray,” St. Nicholas, 36 (Nov. 1908), 11, available via Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=FhUbAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA11&ots=th4G0gTFzE&dq=%E2%80%A2%09Marian%20Longfellow%2C%20%E2%80%9CThe%20Pensioner%20in%20Gray%2C%E2%80%9D&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%A2%09Marian%20Longfellow,%20%E2%80%9CThe%20Pensioner%20in%20Gray,%E2%80%9D&f=false
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Exercise 4: Reforming Wayward Youth

  1. Ernest Thompson Seton, “Around the Campfire,” Boys’ Life, 4 (April 1914), 23, available at Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=hfVhPFxv5I8C&lpg=PA1&dq=Ernest%20Thompson%20Seton%20%E2%80%9CAround%20the%20Campfire%E2%80%9D%20%201914%20squirrels&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false
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Exercise 5: “Scramble a Nut?”

  1. Laurence Freeman Peck, “Hi Mister! Scramble a Nut?,” Harvard Lampoon, Dec. 17, 1903, p. 121, available at Harvard Magazine: http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/01/squirrely
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Exercise 6: Immigrants, Poachers, and the Limits of Community

  1. “Struck Down by Poachers,” New York Times, Dec. 17, 1900, p. 10, available at the New York Times Article Archive: http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C1EF63F5911738DDDAE0994DA415B808CF1D3
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  2. “This Italian Must Beware,” Cambridge Tribune, Oct. 10, 1903, p. 6, available at the Cambridge Public Library: http://cambridge.dlconsulting.com/cgi-bin/cambridge?a=d&d=Tribune19031010-01.2.53
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Exercise 7: From Charity to Ecology and Animal Rights

  1. J. Hadidian et al., “Urban Gray Squirrel Damage and Population Management: A Case History,” Third Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (Lincoln, 1987), 219–27, available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska-Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ewdcc3/19/
    Local copy of article (PDF)

Additional Sources

Exercise 1: Pets or Pests?

  1. Richard W. Thorington Jr. and Katie Ferrell, Squirrels: The Animal Answer Guide (Baltimore, 2006)
  2. Richard Rhodes, John James Audubon: The Making of an American (New York, 2004)
  3. Katherine C. Grier, Pets in America: A History (Chapel Hill, 2006)

Exercise 2: Bringing the Wild into the City

  1. Colin Fisher, “Nature in the City: Urban Environmental History and Central Park,” OAH Magazine of History, 25 (Oct. 2011), 27–31
  2. Morrison H. Heckscher, Creating Central Park (New York, 2008)
  3. Roy Rosenzweig and Elizabeth Blackmar, The Park and the People: A History of Central Park (Ithaca, 1992)

Exercise 3: Community and Charity

  1. Diane L. Beers, For the Prevention of Cruelty: The History and Legacy of Animal Rights Activism in the United States (Athens, Ohio, 2006)
  2. Jennifer Mason, Civilized Creatures: Urban Animals, Sentimental Culture, and American Literature, 1850–1900 (Baltimore, 2005)

Exercise 4: Reforming Wayward Youth

  1. Sally Gregory Kohlstedt, Teaching Children Science: Hands-On Nature Study in North America, 1890–1930 (Chicago, 2010)
  2. Ralph Lutts, The Nature Fakers: Wildlife, Science, and Sentiment (Golden, 1990)
  3. Harriet Ritvo, “Learning from Animals: Natural History for Children in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries,” Children's Literature, 13 (1985), 72–93

Exercise 5: “Scramble a Nut?”

  1. Chris Philo, “Animals, Geography, and the City: Notes on Inclusions and Exclusions,” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 13 (no. 6, 1995), 665–81
  2. Harriet Ritvo, The Animal Estate: The English and Other Creatures in the Victorian Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1987)
  3. Jessica Wang, “Dogs and the Making of the American State: Voluntary Association, State Power, and the Politics of Animal Control in New York City, 1850–1920,” Journal of American History, 98 (March 2012), 998–1024 Read online >

Exercise 6: Immigrants, Poachers, and the Limits of Community

  1. Peter Coates, American Perceptions of Immigrant and Invasive Species: Strangers on the Land (Berkeley, 2007)
  2. Karl Jacoby, Crimes against Nature: Squatters, Poachers, Thieves, and the Hidden Story of American Conservation (Berkeley, 2003)
  3. Louis S. Warren, The Hunter’s Game: Poachers and Conservationists in Twentieth-Century America (New Haven, 1999)

Exercise 7: From Charity to Ecology and Animal Rights

  1. Sean Kheraj, “Demonstration Wildlife: Negotiating the Animal Landscape of Vancouver’s Stanley Park, 1888–1996,” Environment and History, 18 (Nov. 2012), 497–527
  2. Colin Jerolmack, “How Pigeons Became Rats: The Cultural-Spatial Logic of Problem Animals,” Social Problems, 55 (Feb. 2008), 72–94
  3. Kelsi Nagy and Phillip David Johnson II, eds., Trash Animals: How We Live with Nature’s Filthy, Feral, Invasive, and Unwanted Species (Minneapolis, 2013)
  4. Alice Wondrak Biel, Do (Not) Feed the Bears: The Fitful History of Wildlife and Tourists in Yellowstone (Lawrence, 2006)